Endocrine Abstracts

Aims: To examine, in children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI): the prevalence of overweight and obesity, longitudinal trends in body mass index (BMI) z-scores and total body fat percentage (TBF) assessed on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, correlation between BMI and TBF and fractures and BMI z-score.Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of children with OI, with minimum 5 years data on DXA scans, at a single nat...

Background and objectives: Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) require frequent imaging for fractures and surveillance of bone mineral density. Radiation exposure in childhood carries the highest risk of cancer. Here, we estimate the cumulative effective radiation dose (E) and lifetime cancer risk (LAR) from imaging in children with OI. We also explore the hypothesis that the rate of fracture positive imaging for investigation of injuries is related to family history of...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a clinical triad of anovulation, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. Patterns of fat distribution in PCOS may be associated with androgen activation, glucocorticoid metabolism and insulin resistance. Here we analysed the relationship between fat distribution, steroid metabolism and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.We compared results from 100 PCOS patients (Rotterdam criteria) with 80 sex- and BMI-matched con...

Increased adiposity is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction. Altered adipokine secretion, changes in local and systemic glucocorticoid metabolism and increased inflammation have all been postulated as contributory mechanisms. We have previously described changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) gene expression that are associated with obesity and glucose intolerance in cross-sectional studies. However, the effects of longitudinal ch...

Context: Androgen excess, obesity and hyperinsulinaemia are the cardinal features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). While several studies have addressed the relationship between androgen excess and hyperinsulinaemia, the link between androgen excess and fat distribution remains largely undefined. Recent work has highlighted the importance of adipose tissue as an organ of androgen activation. Here, we evaluated the relationship between visceral fat and androgen excess in w...

Dysregulation of the enzymes that control local tissue steroid metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistant states, however longitudinal changes in glucocorticoid metabolism over time have not been investigated. This study was designed to evaluate the role of pre-receptor glucocorticoid metabolism in the development of insulin resistance and obesity. 24 h urinary glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid metabolites were measured by gas chroma...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a clinical triad of anovulation, insulin resistance, and androgen excess. Hyperandrogenism may correlate with metabolic risk but PCOS consensus criteria currently define androgen excess on the basis of serum testosterone only. Here we studied the utility of the androgen precursor serum androstenedione in conjunction with serum testosterone as a predictor of metabolic dysfunction in PCOS.86 PCOS patients fulfilling Rott...

Context: Patients with hypopituitarism have increased morbidity and mortality. There is ongoing debate around the optimum glucocorticoid replacement therapy.Objective: To assess the effect of glucocorticoid replacement in hypopituitarism on corticosteroid metabolism and its impact on body composition.Design and patients: We assessed the urinary corticosteroid metabolite profile (using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) and body ...

Background: Acid-labile subunit (ALS) deficiency inhibits ternary complex formation leading to primary IGF1 deficiency and short stature. Potential metabolic consequences such as diabetes and low bone mass are not well studied.Objective: This study measured insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, bone density and structure in members of 4 affected families and explore possible gene-dose effects.Methods: Four patients (7–21 years) ...

Background: TMEM38B is a ubiquitously expressed monovalent cation-specific channel protein hypothesized to play a role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. To date, only two unique recessively inherited exon deletions in TMEM38B have been reported in 17 individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Data on bone histomorphometry and bone material property have not previously been presented.Cases: Targeted next generation sequencing was performe...